Technology

Light control through multimode fibers

Modendo’s key technological innovation is in creating optical endoscopes that are truly minimally invasive (diameter ~100μm), digitally programmed, contain no moving parts, and most importantly, can penetrate tissue with minimal damage.

The underlying technology enables the transmission of high-resolution images in real time through an optical fiber probe that has a cross-area ~10 times smaller than the thinnest existing endoscopes.The Modendo team has shown record high-speed spatial modulation, the development of fast and robust algorithms, and the demonstration of fiber robustness to bending and perturbations. The team has pioneered research demonstrating multiple imaging modalities based on optical fibers including the first experiment in vivo.

  • image_fluo

    Caravaca-Aguirre, A.M. and Piestun, R., 2017. Single multimode fiber endoscope. Optics express, 25(3), pp.1656-1665.

  • confocal_image [https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-23-18-23845&id=324824###]

    Loterie, D., Farahi, S., Papadopoulos, I., Goy, A., Psaltis, D. and Moser, C., 2015. Digital confocal microscopy through a multimode fiber. Optics express, 23(18), pp.23845-23858.

  • two_photon [https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-23-25-32158&id=333197#articleFigures]

    Morales-Delgado, E.E., Psaltis, D. and Moser, C., 2015. Two-photon imaging through a multimode fiber. Optics express, 23(25), pp.32158-32170.

  • photo_photo[https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article/102/21/211106/24381]

    Papadopoulos, I.N., Simandoux, O., Farahi, S., Pierre Huignard, J., Bossy, E., Psaltis, D. and Moser, C., 2013. Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy by use of a multimode fiber. Applied Physics Letters, 102(21).

  • image_photo [https://pubs.aip.org/aip/app/article/4/9/096103/1061457]

    Caravaca-Aguirre, A.M., Singh, S., Labouesse, S., Baratta, M.V., Piestun, R. and Bossy, E., 2019. Hybrid photoacoustic-fluorescence microendoscopy through a multimode fiber using speckle illumination. Apl Photonics, 4(9).

  • ablation_image [https://opg.optica.org/boe/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-10-2-423&id=403636###]

    Kakkava, E., Romito, M., Conkey, D.B., Loterie, D., Stankovic, K.M., Moser, C. and Psaltis, D., 2019. Selective femtosecond laser ablation via two-photon fluorescence imaging through a multimode fiber. Biomedical optics express, 10(2), pp.423-433.

  • deep_learning [https://opg.optica.org/optica/fulltext.cfm?uri=optica-5-8-960&id=396110###]

    Borhani, N., Kakkava, E., Moser, C. and Psaltis, D., 2018. Learning to see through multimode fibers. Optica, 5(8), pp.960-966.

  • nonlinear [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-018-0167-7]

    Tzang, O., Caravaca-Aguirre, A.M., Wagner, K. and Piestun, R., 2018. Adaptive wavefront shaping for controlling nonlinear multimode interactions in optical fibres. Nature Photonics, 12(6), pp.368-374.

The potential of multimode fibers for biomedical imaging use has only recently been recognized through pioneering work by the Modendo team. Our developments have shown that high-speed biological imaging through a MMF is in fact possible.

Members of Modendo team developed the first system for in-vivo imaging through a MMF showing that populations of neurons can be individually imaged at depth over a wide field and with minimal tissue damage.

First demostration of in-vivo imaging through a MMF

Ohayon, S., Caravaca-Aguirre, A., Piestun, R. and DiCarlo, J.J., 2018. Minimally invasive multimode optical fiber microendoscope for deep brain fluorescence imaging. Biomedical optics express, 9(4), pp.1492-1509.